In previous post I talked building my KVM machine. This was semi straight forward, turn on visualization support in the kernel , build a image (see my KVM Virtualization post) and boot. Pretty easy to get a user-based networked server up and running. In its simplest form, the command:
kvm -hda base-vm.img -curses -no-reboot
Starts a virtual machine whose image is stored in the .img file, with a text based console, and will return to the command prompt when the virtual machine is shutdown or rebooted. The virtual machine will see the image file as its /dev/sda disk. An eth0 device will be presented (presuming the image is built with a supported driver, like rtl8139) along with dhcp and name services being provided by the kvm hypervisor (which is what the kvm command really is). If you are logged into this machine, there would be little to give you any hint that you were running in a VM rather than on dedicated hardware.
That’s all good, but its somewhat inefficient. Linux and KVM support a number of paravirtualization features which reduce overhead within the guest support – if the guest enables such support. My guest have been configured to use as much of this support as possible, giving up most chances of running native, but benefiting from a reduced kernel size and more efficient execution.
There are several kernel configuration switches that need to be set to fully utilize this support:
Under “Paravirtualized guest support” select:
KVM paravirtualized clock (CONFIG_KVM_CLOCK=Y)
KVM Guest Support (CONFIG_KVM_GUEST=Y)
Enable Paravirtualization code (CONFIG_PARAVIRT=Y)
Under “Device Drivers”, “Block Devices”, select Virtio block driver (CONFIG_VIRTIO_BLK=Y)
Under “Device Drivers”, “Network Device Support”, select Virtio network driver (CONFIG_VIRTIO_NET=Y)
So far, nothing you have done will stop your kernel from booting on real hardware, although it will have some extra overhead with the Enable Paravirtualization code feature on. However, the next step commits you to running as a guest only:
You can remove all SCSI disk, Serial ATA, and Parallel ATA support as well as all network device support (I leave Network Console logging support enabled by habit, although I’ve yet to use it). Presuming you use LVM, you will need to leave Device Mapper Support enabled.
Since we have eliminated all ATA and SCSI devices, obviously /dev/sda will no longer exist. It has been replaced by /dev/vda (virtual disk #1). You will need to change your /etc/fstab file to reference /dev/vda instead of /dev/sda, and change grub’s menu.lst and device.map file via your favorite editor. If you forget this step, just boot the minimal.iso – it supports virtio devices – and fix these entries.
Now change your startup command to look like:
kvm -drive file=base-vm.img,if=virtio,boot=on -net nic,model=virtio -curses -no-reboot
Notice when you boot that there are no references to “eth0”, but the device will be there, now 100% virtual without any emulation overhead. Likewise for storage, everything will be presented without the overhead of emulating SCSI or ATA. Your kernel will also take advantage of many paravirtualization improvements now that you gave it the opportunity to.
Happy efficient computing!